Where has Construction Automation been successful?

Construction automation has been successful in various sectors, including tunnel boring, concrete finishing, and structural assembly, with examples such as the use of automated tunnel boring machines in the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland, the robotic concrete finishing system used in the Shanghai Tower, and the use of robotic assembly systems in the construction of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Additionally, companies like Bechtel and Jacobs Engineering have implemented automation technologies in their construction projects, achieving significant productivity gains and cost reductions. The article also highlights the potential for automation in other areas, such as off-site manufacturing and 3D printing.