What even is an OS now?

The author discusses the evolution of operating systems, noting that the traditional concept of an OS as a monolithic piece of software that manages hardware and provides a platform for applications is no longer accurate. They point out that modern operating systems have become increasingly complex, with multiple layers and components, and are no longer just a single entity. The author highlights the role of cloud computing, virtualization, and containerization in changing the way operating systems function. They also mention the rise of mobile and embedded systems, which have pushed the boundaries of what constitutes an operating system.